Waves look tricky until you see the shortcut. They are a row of curls. Draw a line of backward C shapes across a box, connect them into crests, and you already have ocean waves. Color does the rest.
This walkthrough follows Edna of ArtByEdna as she draws a simple, stylized set of ocean waves. You will sketch the curls in pencil, outline and fill them with a blue marker, push depth into the troughs with teal colored pencil, shade a soft sky, and finish with little spiral swirls and a few birds. No fancy supplies. A marker, two or three colored pencils, and a sheet of paper.
The curl: how to draw a wave from one line
Every wave drawing starts from the same shape. A backward C, or a hook, that shows where the water tips over. Draw the curl first, then run a long line from its top down into the next curl. That line is the back of the wave. Get the curl right and the rest follows.
Three ways to draw waves
- Simple kid-style waves: a row of connected curls, like this tutorial. Fast, decorative and easy for any age.
- Rolling ocean: long, low swells with no curl at all. Draw gentle overlapping arcs that get flatter and closer together as they move toward the horizon.
- A breaking wave: one big curl with a hollow tube under the lip, foam spilling down the front, and spray flying off the top. It is the hardest and the most dramatic.
Foam and spray
Foam is mostly the paper you leave white. Outline a few bubbly, scalloped edges along the crest and stop there. For spray, dot a handful of tiny marks above the lip and flick a few short strokes in the direction the wave is moving.
Pencil, pen or color
Pencil lets you shade smooth gradients and erase highlights back in. Pen and ink relies on line weight and hatching, which is what the how to draw water page teaches for calm reflective water rather than curling waves. Markers and colored pencils, as used here, give bold flat color you can layer. If you want to take the same scene into paint, how to paint ocean waves uses acrylic and a fan brush.
Adding a horizon or beach
A single straight line a third of the way down the page turns a pattern into a seascape. Keep far waves small and flat near that line and make the closest ones big. For a beach, run a wavy sand edge across the bottom and let a thin line of foam trail along it.
Wave drawing ideas to try next
- Great wave style. One huge curl on the left with claw-like foam fingers at the lip and small waves below. Use dark blue, light blue and white only.
- Line art waves. Rows of stacked curls in black pen, no color. They make a good border for a card or a sketchbook page.
- Sunset sea. Keep the curls from this page and color the sky orange and pink, then add a half sun sitting on the horizon.
- Something in the water. Add a shark fin cutting through a trough, or a small boat riding the top of a crest.
Common mistakes when you draw waves
- Every wave the same size. Real swells vary. Mix big and small.
- No direction. All the curls should break the same way, as if the wind pushes them.
- Over-outlining foam. A dark line around every bubble makes it look like cotton wool. Leave most foam edges open.
- Sky darker than the sea. Keep the sky lighter so the water stays the focus.
Want to keep drawing the outdoors? This pairs well with how to draw mountains and how to draw clouds. Put them together and you have a whole seascape.